Essential+Questions

Essential Questions

1. Why did united Italy make sense to those who favored unification?

It made sense for Italy to be united for those who favored unification. Those who favored unification perfered that Italy would be a single country because each region spoke the same language, had common geography and history and it would make trade easier. Those are only some of the reasons people who favored unification wanted Italy to unify.

2. What were the obstacles in the way of Italian unification, and why might these obstacles make unification difficult? ﻿﻿﻿Some obstacles are that the Congress of Vienna ignored the nationalists who hoped to end centuries of foreign rule and achieve unity. For the Prince of Austria the idea of a Unified Italy was laughable and Austria took control of most of northern Italy. So in general, the main obstacle for Italian unification was the foreign forces that controlled many parts of Italy.

These obstacles made unification difficult because the people who controlled Italy did not believe in unification. Therefor, nationalists had to secretly come together and fight against the leaders of Italy.

3. What steps did the Italian leaders take to unify, or ignite nationalist feelings, in the people? There were many steps taken by Italian leaders to unify or ignite nationalist feelings in the people. The first steps were taken by the nationalist Giuseppe Mazzini. He created the secret society Young Italy whos goals were to unite Italy. This put Mazzini's nationalistic ideas in peoples minds. Also after Emmanuel appointed Cavour as prime minister, Cavour wanted to end Austrian power and provoked a war to force out Austrian rule (and was successful). Later Giuseppe Garibaldi yook a force of 1,00 red shirted volunteers to Sicily to defeat the Neapolitan rule.( Lastly after Cavours death his sucessors negotiated a deal with Bismark after the Austro-Prussian war and aquired Venetia. Also adter the Franco-Prussian war France withdrew its forces from Rome). These are all of the steps taken by italian leaders to unify Italy or turn people into nationalists.

4. What military steps were taken in order to free Italian people from oppressive rule? There were many military steps taken to free Italians from oppresive rule. First in 1855, Sardinia led by Cavour joined Britan and France against Russia in the Crimean War .Cavour also nagotiated a secret deal with Napolean who promised to aid Sardinia in case it faced a war with Austria (that war was later provoked). Also Garibaldi recruited a fource of 1,000 volunteers. Him and his volunteers fought for control of Sicily (and soon won it). Those are the military steps that were taken by Italy to free their people from oppresive rule.

5. What nationalist groups were formed and created in order to strengthen the unification movement? One of the groups that formed to strengthen unification is Young Italy. The goal of thsi secret group was to establish Italy as one, free, independent, republican nation. Another group that formed was called the "Red Shirts". This group was organized by Giuseppe Garibaldi, a nationalist.

6. What challenges did a united Italy face when they finally were brought together as a nation-state? There were many challanges a unified Italy faced when it was finally brought together. A big problem was the north and south were extremly divided. Northern Italy had more money while Southern Italy was not nearly as wealthy. Also hostility broke out between Italy and the Roman Catholic Church. The Popes were not happy about the seizure of Rome and the Papal States. Lastly there were many problems between liberals, conservatives, radicals, and anarchists. In addition to all of these problems the population was booming at the same time. So many tensions arose with the increase in people that it was important for many Italians to move from Italy to the United States, Canada, and Spain. Those are many of the problems that arose when Italy was finally brought together as a nation-state.

7. What role did Napoleon play in the Unification of Italy? Napolean played a big role in unification of Italy. Because he made a secret deal with Sardinia to aid them if they went to war with Austria, when Austria actually went to war with Sardinia Nepoleans secret deal helped them defeat Austria big time. The defeat of Austria is basically what kickstarted the unification of Italy. So therefore Napolean did play a big part in Italys unification.

8. Explain the viewpoint of the liberals and the conservatives with regards to Italian Unification? The viewpoint of liberals and conservatives with regards to italian unification were very similar. They were both all for unification. They were all nationalists so they had pride for their country. Therefore they all wanted the unification regardless of their liberal and conservative ideas. But the liberals were more for change than the conservatives. Even though they essentially had the same viewpoint when Italy was actually unified their ideas seemed to change. After Italy's unification it was run by Emmanuel. Emmanuel was a monarchist, so under his rule Italy was a constitutional monarchy. This caused unrest because radicals struggled with the fact their government was conservative. Also the socialists organized strikes and the anarchists turned to sabotoge and violence against the government.

9. How does Nationalism unify the people of the Italian States? Nationalism unifies the people of the Italian States. It unified them because nationalism is essentialy the pride for ones country. If people didn't have pride (such as the leaders that are further explained on the leadership page) then there would be no push for unification. And the people that had the pride for their country are the ones who started the whole unification process. Nationalistic ideas are what kickstarted everything. They brought the people together, and then that caused the unification. So as you can see it unified the people of the italian states.